List of local indicators

Table 3. List of local indicators to be filled in each study site for the process soil erosion from water runoff

PHYSICAL AND ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS

SOILS

Parent material	Rock fragments on soil surface (%)	Slope aspect	Slope gradient (%)
Limestone-marble Acid Igneous Sandstone, plysh Marl, clay, conglomerates Basic Igneous Shale Schist Alluvium, colluvium Other	<15 15-40 40-80 >80	NW, NE SW, SE Plain	<2 2 - 6 6-12 12-18 18-25 25-35 35-60 >60
Soil depth (cm)	Soil textural class	Soil water storage capacity (mm)	Exposure of rock outcrops (%)
<15 15-30 30-60 60-100 100-1500 >150	Very coarse Coarse medium Moderate fine Fine Very fine	<50 50-100 100-200 200-300 >300	None 2-10 10 -30 30-60 >60
Organic matter of surface horizon (%)	Degree of soil erosion
High >6.0 Medium 2.1-6.0 Low 2.0-1.1 Very low <1.0	none Slight Moderate Severe Very severe

VEGETATION

Major land use	Agricultural vegetation cover type	Natural vegetation cover type	Plant cover (%)
Agriculture Pasture Shrubland Forest Mining Recreation Other	Cereals Olives Vines Almonds Oranges Vegetables Cotton Bare Other	Mixed Med. Machia/Evergren forest Med. machia Permanent grassland Annual grassland Deciduous forest Pine forest Evergreen forest (except pines) Bare Other	<10 10-25 25-50 50-75 >75

ECONOMIC INDICATORS

AGRICULTURE

Farm ownership	Farm size (ha)	Land fragmentation (No of parcels)	Net farm income
Owner -farmed Tenant - farmed Shared - farmed State - farmed Other	<2 2 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 30 30 - 50 50 - 100 >100	1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 16-19 >19	Low (<Local mean - St. Dev.) Moderate (>Local mean - St. Dev. < local mean) High (> Local Mean < Local Mean + St. Dev.) Very high (> Local Mean + St. Dev.)
Parallel employment
None Industry Tourism State Municipality Other

CULTIVATION

Tillage operations	Frequency of tillage (number)	Tillage depth (cm)	Tillage direction
None Plowing Disking, harrowing Cultivator Other	None 1 2 3 4 Other	None <20 20-30 30-40 >40 Other	Down-slope Up-slope Parallel to contour up- slope furrow Parallel to contour down-slope furrow Down-slope oblique Up-slope oblique Other

HUSBANDRY

Grazing control	Grazing intensity
None Sustainable number of animal Fencing Avoidance of soil compaction (very wet soil) Fire Protection Other	Low (SR<GC) Moderate SR=GC to 1.5GC) High (SR>1.5GC) Other

LAND MANAGEMENT

Fire protection (Protected area/total area %)	Sustainable farming	Reclamation of mining areas (area protected/total area, %)	Soil erosion control measures (area protected/total area, %)
None Low <25% Moderate 25-50% High 50-75% Very high >75% Other	No sustainable farming No tillage Minimum tillage Inducing plant cover Up-slope tillage Minimum ploughing depth Other	None Low, <25% protected Moderate, 25-75% protected Adequate, >75% protected Other	None Low, <25% protected Moderate, 25-75% protected Adequate, >75% protected Other
Soil water conservation measures	Terracing (presence of) (area protected/total area, %)
Weed control Mulching Temporary storage of water runoff Inducing vapour adsorption Νοne Other	None Low, <25% Moderate, 25-50% High, 50-75% Very high, >75% Other

LAND USE

Land use intensity	Period of existing land use
Low medium High Other	<1 year 1-5 years 5-10 years 10-20 years 30-50 years >50 years

WATER USE

Runoff water storage

INSTITUTIONAL INDICATORS

Subsidies	Policy enforcement
NO Sub/environ. protection sub/area sub/animal sub/kg Other	Adequate >75% of the area Moderate (25-75% of the area) Low (<25% of the area ) No Other

Manual for describing land degradation indicators