Local
Use of old-tradition system of irrigation by furrow
Constructed during soviet time system of land irrigation (with pumping of water for irrigation from Volga River) for the use by huge collective farm (using a stationary pivot sprinkler irrigation equipment for field about 50-70 ha) do not fit to the new system of land ownership/management by small collective farms and independent farmers. Small collective farms and independent farmers are using a more appropriated old irrigation technology of irrigation by furrow that require a land areas with distinct slop about 2-3% and a big amount of water for soil layer saturation along furrow (about some hundred meters). Thus irrigation technology at brunisoil type of soil provokes losses of irrigation water by seepage and water for runoff as well as soil water erosion with soil fertility decreasing.
High intensity (over intensity) irrigation water application.
Improper use of constructed during soviet time system of land irrigation (with pumping of water for irrigation from Volga River) with high intensity artificial rain provokes a seepage of part of irrigation water to the ground water and runoff at field levels within depression and regression at mesoscale. with for the use at home hood and cooperative farm level is the consequence of luck of knowledge and skills of the use of water conservation and new irrigation technologies like drip irrigation, mulch etc.
